NORTHERN CARDINAL
Cardinalis cardinalis
DESCRIPTION
The Northern Cardinal is a medium-sized songbird known for its vibrant red plumage in males and warm brown tones in females. Males have a distinctive crest and a black mask around their face, while females are more subdued in color but still possess a subtle beauty. These birds are highly social and often found in pairs or small groups, singing melodious tunes that can be heard throughout their habitats.
FUN FACTS
- Northern Cardinals are the state bird of seven U.S
- states, including Illinois and Indiana, making them a symbol of regional pride
- They are also known for their unique songs, which can vary significantly between individuals, allowing them to establish their territory and attract mates
QUICK INFO
Lifespan3-5 years in the wild, up to 15 years in captivity
Average Weight42-48 g
Average Length21-23 cm
Diet TypeOmnivore
Social StructureThey are often seen in pairs or small groups, especially during the breeding season.
Activity PatternDiurnal
Breeding SeasonSpring (March-July)
- Habitat
- Northern Cardinals thrive in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, gardens, and shrublands. They prefer areas with dense vegetation for nesting and foraging.
- Biomes
- Temperate Forest, Urban
- Native Range
- The Northern Cardinal is native to North America, ranging from southern Canada to northern Argentina.
- Continent
- North America
- Countries
- United States, Canada, Mexico
- Diet
- Northern Cardinals primarily eat seeds, fruits, and insects. They are known to forage on the ground and in shrubs for food.
- Diet Type
- Omnivore
- Favorite Food
- Sunflower seeds, berries
- Social Structure
- They are often seen in pairs or small groups, especially during the breeding season.
- Activity Pattern
- Diurnal
- Group Size
- 2-6
- Territorial
- 1
LC
CR
LC
LC
42-48 g
Weight
21-23 cm
Length
- Coloration
- Males are bright red with a black mask, while females are brown with reddish tinges.
- Sexual Dimorphism
- Males are more brightly colored than females.
- Lifespan
- 3-5 years in the wild, up to 15 years in captivity
- Offspring per Birth
- 2-5
- Sexual Maturity
- 6 months
- Breeding Season
- Spring (March-July)
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List Status
- Population Status
- The Northern Cardinal has a stable population and is common across its range.
- Wild Population Estimate
- Up to 100 million
- Population Trend
- Stable
- Endangered
- 0
- Threats
- Main threats include habitat loss and predation by domestic cats. However, they are generally adaptable and thrive in urban environments.
- Predators
- Domestic cats, hawks, snakes, raccoons
- Defense Mechanisms
- They use their strong flight abilities to escape predators and often hide in dense foliage.
- Compatible Animals
- American Goldfinch, Blue Jay, Mourning Dove
- Found in Zoos
- Common